Introduction to the Pacific Puzzle For more than a decade, a profound contradiction between observational climate data and global climate simulations has perplexed researchers, representing one of the most significant unresolved issues in modern climate dynamics. While global mean temperatures have unequivocally risen in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, satellite-era observations have revealed a persistent multidecadal cooling trend in the eastern tropical

Introduction The intersection of global ocean-atmosphere teleconnections and mesoscale convective environments presents one of the most complex forecasting challenges in modern meteorology. As the Northern Hemisphere progresses into the spring of 2026, the global climate system is undergoing a significant transition. The persistent La Niña conditions that have dominated the equatorial Pacific over the past several years are actively decaying, giving way to an expected period

1. Introduction: The Invisible Barometer of the Modern Era In the grand theatre of global climate change, the Mediterranean Sea has long been cast as a protagonist—a "hotspot" where the interactions between atmospheric warming, ocean circulation, and biodiversity loss play out with accelerated intensity. 1  For decades, the narrative of this basin's transformation has been dominated by the visible and the macroscopic: the arrival of alien rabbitfish denuding algal forests in

1. Introduction: The Planetary Phase Shift and the Relative ENSO Paradigm The global climate system in 2026 stands at a pivotal dynamical juncture, defined not by the stability of a prolonged state, but by the volatility of a fundamental phase transition. Following a protracted period characterized by the dominance of La Niña conditions—which exerted a stabilizing, albeit extreme, influence on global circulation patterns since the turn of the decade—the planetary atmosphere i

1. Geoengineering: A Theoretical Global Concept By January 2026, the theoretical debates that once characterized climate discourse have been violently superseded by biophysical reality. The early weeks of the year have presented humanity not with a warning, but with a verdict. The Earth system is no longer merely warming; it is fracturing in nonlinear, unpredictable ways that defy the smooth curves of early century climate models. We stand at a juncture where the "unthinkable

Abstract In the annals of climate science, 2025 will be recorded not merely as another year of broken records, but as a pivotal moment where the deep thermodynamic inertia of the planetary system revealed its inexorable momentum. According to a landmark international analysis involving over 55 scientists from 31 institutions, the Earth’s oceans absorbed an additional 23 Zettajoules of heat in 2025 compared to the previous record set in 2024. This accumulation, equivalent to a

Abstract The operationalization of artificial intelligence (AI) within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) represents a paradigmatic inflection point in the history of environmental prediction. In late 2025, NOAA formally deployed a new suite of forecast systems: the Artificial Intelligence Global Forecast System (AIGFS), the Artificial Intelligence Global Ensemble Forecast System (AIGEFS), and the pioneered Hybrid Global Ensemble Forecast System (HGEFS

1. Introduction: The Persistent Legacy of the Carbon-Fluorine Bond In the vast lexicon of modern industrial chemistry, few innovations have proven as double-edged as the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, known colloquially and ominously as "forever chemicals." These compounds, defined by the distinctively robust carbon-fluorine bond, represent a triumph of mid-century engineering. They repel oil, grease, and water with an efficiency that revolutionized consumer products, f

Abstract The accumulation of persistent synthetic polymers in marine ecosystems represents one of the defining environmental challenges of the 21st century. While the utility of plastics is undeniable, their longevity has resulted in a global crisis of microplastic contamination. This report provides an exhaustive analysis of a breakthrough material technology developed by the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), led by Professor Takuzo Aida. Published in the Jour

Introduction: The Weight of the Seventh IPCC Cycle The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has formally entered its Seventh Assessment Cycle (AR7), a distinct operational phase that arrives at a moment of profound convergence between physical inevitability and political urgency. As the global scientific community transitions from the conclusive findings of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)—which unequivocally established the reality of anthropogenic warming—into

Part I: The Oceanographic Imperative and the Legacy of the California Current 1.1 Introduction: The Intersection of Climate, Commerce, and Conservation The Pacific Ocean, specifically the eastern boundary current system known as the California Current, serves as one of the most productive and biologically significant marine ecosystems on Earth. Stretching from British Columbia to Baja California, this dynamic body of water supports a multi-billion-dollar fishing industry, reg